The population of England has risen by 565,000 since 2011 because of immigration, a major analysis by the University of Oxford estimates.
The figures suggest the migrant population of every local authority in the country may have risen.
The Migration Observatory unit says it came up with the projections because similar official data will not be available before the general election.
For more on what is going on across England, watch Inside Out BBC1, 7.30pm.
Official estimates for migration focus on movements of people in and out of the UK - and national statistics only definitely record the population and where it comes from every 10 years at the national census. The latest estimate for how many migrants have settled will not be available until later this summer.
Taking two key measures of people in the UK - the 2011 census and rolling data from the Labour Force Survey - Oxford has projected that immigration has added to the population right across England as the economy has expanded.
Its analysis suggests the greatest change has been in London. Almost 3.2 million people in the capital are now born abroad - 200,000 more than at the time of the last census.
The foreign-born population of the South East is projected to have also risen to more than 1.1 million.
Official estimates do not reveal where migrant groups of different origins have settled in the UK over the past three years - but the Migration Observatory has projected what it thinks is going on for each region and local authority.
It has broken down local figures to create an online map projecting where migrants have come from.
Areas which have experienced rapid growth since Eastern European nations joined the EU in 2004 have continued to see those communities grow - particularly in the agricultural areas of the east of England.
There, Oxford estimates that the EU-born population is almost a quarter of a million - about 12% highter than at the time of the 2011 census.
Madeleine Sumption, director of the Migration Observatory at Oxford, said: "This data shows how different local experiences of migration have been across the UK.
"There are large variations in the size of migrant populations, as well as the share that come from EU countries.
"We have undertaken this analysis to provide a resource for anyone looking to understand local demographics of migration in the run-up to the general election."
The analysis comes a week after official estimates of net migration - a measure of people moving in and out of the UK - reached almost 300,000. That total is three times higher than the target set by the prime minister but it does not necessarily count how many people stay in the UK for good.
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